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In 1653 it was just a chapel made of stone and lime. A year later (1753), it became a church. It displayed several altarpieces and sculptures of St. Joseph, Our Lady of El Carmen and Our Lady of Las Candelas, patron saint of the town. Today, the old San José Church hosts the Tourism Office of the Patones Town Hall.


The old Iglesia de San José church

The wash-house was the meeting point for women, located opposite the tavern which, back in the day, was the most common meeting point for men. Water channelled from the slates flows out from the so-called Fuente Nueva (New Fountain, 1908). The traditional wash-house, in perfect preservation conditions, is clearly divided into two areas, one meant for rinsing and the other one for washing.


Lavadero y Fuente Nueva (Washing Place and Fountain)

Social meeting points: from the church to the washing place, opposite the tavern

Dating back to the 18th century, they are covered in slates or limestone, and are divided into terraces. These retaining walls were built in order to get a horizontal surface in a hillside area. In them we can find several gaps, of different sizes and depths, which were intended to store the tools for the threshing and serve as coolers for water during summertime. Besides, they were devoted to threshing activities and the winnowing of the harvest. The results of these tasks were maximised: the grain was used to make flour and bread, and the straw was used to fed and keep the animals warm.


Threshing floors

The so-called tinados were barns used to house sheep and goats. They are made up of a yard, with an access door, where the animals that were to be milked were chosen. Such yard leads to a second roofed area with a small wattle so that livestock wouldn’t walk away. Inside such roofed area, you can find the mangers, where animals fed.


Tinados

Arrenes are rectangular buildings made of slate, without roof or internal partitions, intended for cultivation. The main characteristic of the arena is the lack of doors, so a section of the wall had to be used to access them.


Arrenes

From the land, the nourishment: threshing floors, cattle sheds and arenas

Made of slate masonry, on the outside, and using clay as insulation mechanism, on the inside, the walls of these houses were covered with a mortar of lime and sand, to avoid humidity. Flooring is made of cobbles, covered in plaster in the kitchen. They are reinforced by means of wooden pillars inside, and wooden beams for the floor and roof. The beams were covered with retama and rockrose, and a final layer of Arabic tile. These buildings have few spans in order to protect the inside from the cold. The traditional house has three floors: the first floor is the kitchen, with its characteristic oven; the second floor is used for the bedrooms and the third floor serves as the chamber where the grain was stored.


Traditional housing

Places to rest and to enjoy family life

It is located in an area known as Dehesa de la Oliva. It is a Romanesque-Mudejar chapel, also known as Castellano-Leonés Mujedar style, even though it displays some features of the local rural architecture. This artistic movement dates back to the 12th and 13th centuries, first appearing in the current province of León, and spread to Zamora, Salamanca, Valladolid, Ávila and Segovia, until it reached the northern area of the Autonomous Region of Madrid and the province of Guadalajara. Only the apse and the first section of the nave of the old shrine remain. It was under the management of the Church of Alcalá de Henares and nowadays it belongs to the Complutensis Diocese.


Ermita de la Virgen de la Oliva (Chapel)

Archaeological evidence of different occupations has been documented at this site, covering an extensive chronology: Recent prehistoric times, Iron Age I/II, Roman Republican era, Roman Imperial era, Early Medieval era, Late Medieval and Modern eras. Located on the Oliva hill, at the confluence of the rivers Lozoya and Jarama, and naturally enclosed by three slopes, it is a privileged geographical location that provides a natural defence, from three sides, with only one wall on the southern slope, which is the least protected side. This privileged location offered a wise visual dominion over the land and the control of the route towards the Northern plateau through the Somosierra mountain pass. This route is even mentioned in Arabic texts related to the conquering of the Iberian Peninsula.



Archaeological site of Dehesa de la Oliva, open for visitors

Further exploring in our common past

At the end of the 18th century, the Earl of Cabarrús acquired the water rights for our fertile plains of Jarama and began building the Cabarrús Canal. The nearly 13 kilometre-long canal ran from the Pontón de la Oliva Reservoir to Torrelaguna. It had 6 bridges, 3 aqueducts, 8 guard houses, dykes and auxiliary buildings such as the Casa de Oficios. Construction began in the mid-19th century on the Isabel II Canal to supply the city of Madrid with water. In 1852, the dam that supplied the Cabarrús Canal with water was destroyed to build what is now known as the Pontón de la Oliva Reservoir.


Cabarrús Canal

All the landscape is dotted with hydraulic structures. Besides the bridges and dykes on the Cabarrús Canal and the Pontón de la Oliva and El Atazar dams, one can observe the canals, dams and siphons, beacons and aqueducts of the three hydraulic structures. The oldest is the La Parra or Lozoya canal. It carried water from the Pontón de la Oliva Reservoir to Madrid. Some parts of the wall are more than 17 metres high and it really stands out along the Vandentales ravine where it crosses over large staggered walls. Also quite impressive are the Las Cuevas aqueduct and the Patones de Abajo dam – canal. Other structures along this canal include the La Parra dam, the Navarejos waterwheel and the old Campoalbillo guard house which is now a Geology Educational Museum. The El Atazar canal can be seen high above the Lozoya canal.



Canal de Jarama, Lozoya and El Atazar, as it passes through Patones

The Pontón de la Oliva is a Spanish dam, now in disuse, located in the mountains of Ayllón, northeast of the Community of Madrid and northwest of the province of Guadalajara. It was built in 1857.


Pontón de la Oliva

Pioneering hydraulic works

If you’re looking for plans, routes, restaurants or accommodation, come over to the tourism office in Patones. There you’ll find dozens of suggestions. It’s located in the Los Llanos square in Patones de Arriba (you have to leave your car outside the town).




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