Other natural landscapes

It is located in the northwest of the region, on the southern slope of the Guadarrama mountain range. Its surface area exceeds 42,000 ha, making it the largest protected natural area in the Community of Madrid. The park is made up of three main geomorphological units: the Guadarrama elevations of granite and gneisses rocks, where the headwaters of the Manzanares River are located, which makes its way through La Pedriza, the largest granite complex in Europe; the Hoyo de Manzanares mountain range, which separates the valleys of the Manzanares and Guadarrama rivers; and the southernmost part, occupied by the Monte de El Pardo.

The park is home to a great diversity of ecosystems: the Carpetanian oak forest, oak groves, ash groves, rocky outcrops, pine forests and riparian copses or forests. The park has around 300 fauna, some of which are in danger of extinction. Notable species include deer, mountain goats, the Iberian imperial eagle, waterfowl and some species of reptiles and amphibians.

It is located in the west of the Community of Madrid and is home to a wide variety of ecosystems, including oak groves, copses and riverbanks, and crop and wasteland areas. The oak groves are the most representative ecosystems of the park, where nesting and wintering birds, mammals and reptiles live. The copses and riverbanks, along the course of the Guadarrama River and its tributaries, are home to amphibians, reptiles and waterfowl. Various game species live in the crop and wasteland areas.

A protected area of ​​31,500 hectares, making it the second largest park in the Community of Madrid. It extends along the Jarama and Manzanares rivers and is home to a great diversity of ecosystems, from fertile cereal plains to wetlands and lagoons. The park's fauna is very rich and varied, with species typical of the Castilian plateau and wetlands. The park's flora is represented by species typical of the Manchego oak forest, scrubland, riverside forests and reed beds. There are also dry and irrigated crops.

It is a protected natural area, located on the southern slope of the Sierra de Guadarrama, in the municipalities of San Lorenzo de El Escorial and Santa María de la Alameda. Its surface occupies 1,500 hectares, and is divided into two areas: the Abantos mountain and the historic estate of La Herrería.

The pine forest is the dominant ecosystem, there are also ash groves, holm oak groves, oak groves and riverside forests. The area is an important refuge for wildlife, especially for the Apollo and Isabelline butterflies, two protected species.

Its tourist attractions include the Luis Ceballos Arboretum Environmental Education Centre, the Felipe II Chair and the Virgen de Gracia hermitage.

These are two sites of exceptional faunal importance located in Aranjuez. El Regajal is a natural enclave where there are botanical and, especially, entomological elements (such as some endangered endemic butterflies) of extraordinary value. The Ontígola Sea is of great importance for aquatic birds, which are found in this humid area, a refuge among the abundant marsh vegetation that extends over most of its surface.

The San Juan lagoon and its surroundings constitute an important wetland area in the south of the Community of Madrid, located on the left bank of the Tajuña River, in Chinchón, and which vegetation presents a clear differentiation between the moorland area and the cliff. The plain area and the alluvial zone, where the lagoon is located, make it a valuable nesting, resting, shelter and wintering place for a large number and variety of aquatic birds.

This area was declared a site in 1930, at the request of the Royal Spanish Academy of Language, to commemorate the six centuries of the "Book of Good Love". It is a beautiful spot that includes the cliff located near the port of León, at the beginning of the southern slope, in the place between the Collado de la Sevillana and the Peña del Cuervo, in the municipality of Guadarrama, this official declaration extending to the pines and all other spontaneous vegetation that surrounds the scree, together with the spring that springs at the foot of the cliff.